What Causes Kidney Stones and How Can You Prevent Them?

Kidney stones are a common health condition that affects millions of people worldwide. These hard deposits form in the kidneys and can cause significant pain and discomfort as they pass through the urinary tract.

What Are Kidney Stones?

A kidney stone is a solid piece of material that forms in the kidney from substances in the urine. They can vary in size and shape, with some being as small as a grain of sand, while others can grow to the size of a golf ball. The stones are made of various materials, but the most common types include calcium oxalate, uric acid, struvite, and cystine. Kidney stones are prevalent, affecting about one in ten people at some point in their lives, and they tend to be more common in men than women.

Can Dietary Choices Prevent Kidney Stones?

Diet plays a significant role in the formation of kidney stones. Certain foods and drinks can increase the possibility of stone formation, particularly those high in sodium, oxalates, and animal proteins.

Staying Hydrated to Prevent Kidney Stones

Staying hydrated is one of the most effective ways to prevent kidney stones. Drinking plenty of water helps dilute the substances in the urine that lead to stones.

Foods and Supplements for Prevention

Incorporating foods rich in calcium and magnesium can also help prevent certain stones. Some supplements may aid prevention, but it’s crucial to consult a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen.

When Should You Worry about Kidney Pain

Kidney pain is often a clear indicator that something is wrong with your kidneys. It’s crucial to be alert if you experience severe pain in your back, side, lower abdomen, or groin—an indicator of kidney stones or possibly an infection. Also, look out for other symptoms like painful urination, blood in the urine, nausea, vomiting, fever, or chills. These symptoms, especially when combined, need immediate medical attention as they could signify a kidney stone in motion or an infection requiring prompt treatment.

Workup and Specialist Consultation

If you suspect you have kidney stones, a thorough examination is essential. This may include a medical history review, physical examination, urine tests, blood tests, and imaging studies.

When You Should See a Nephrologist

A nephrologist is a physician who specializes in kidney health and diseases. They are vital in assessing kidney function, determining risk factors for stone development, and implementing strategies to prevent future stones. They can also manage complications associated with kidney stones, such as kidney infections or damage. Their expertise in the various systemic diseases that affect the kidneys, like hypertension and diabetes, can be critical if your condition is complex.

When You Should See a Urologist

While a nephrologist will help with the medical management of stones and any associated kidney issues, a urologist is a surgeon who specializes in diseases of the urinary tract and the male reproductive system. They are instrumental when kidney stones require intervention beyond medication.

Treatments such as shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, or percutaneous nephrolithotomy to remove or break up stones are within their scope. A urologist will also manage the surgical aspects of any urinary obstruction, ensuring that urine flow is restored and kidney function is preserved.

Surgical Options for Kidney Stones

Surgical options may be necessary for stones that cannot pass on their own or cause ongoing problems. The most common procedures include:

• Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL): Non-invasive treatment using shock waves to break stones into small pieces that can be passed in the urine.
• Ureteroscopy: A small scope is inserted into the urethra, through the bladder, to the stone’s location, where it can be removed or broken into smaller pieces.
• Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A surgical procedure to remove large stones directly from the kidney through a small incision in the back.

Post-Surgical Care: Living with a Stent

If you’ve had surgery for an obstructing kidney stone, you may have a stent placed temporarily. This thin, flexible tube helps keep the ureter open, allowing urine and any remaining stone fragments to pass more easily.

Coping with Stent Discomfort

Living with a stent can be uncomfortable, with potential symptoms including pain, urinary urgency, and a feeling of incomplete bladder emptying. Drinking plenty of water can help ease these symptoms until the stent is removed, usually within a few weeks post-operation.

Managing and Preventing Kidney Stones

In conclusion, while kidney stones are common and can be quite painful, understanding the factors that contribute to their formation and knowing the treatment options available can help manage and prevent future stones. Maintaining a healthy diet, staying hydrated, and consulting with healthcare professionals specializing in kidney and urinary tract health are key steps in navigating the path to recovery and prevention.

Your health is our priority at PRINE. If you have any concerns or questions about your health, do not hesitate to contact us and request an appointment with our team of expert doctors. Here’s to living a healthier, happier life!